After the sample was randomly divided into two subsets, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. ![]() To examine its psychometric properties and factor structure, a total of 885 individuals consisting of patients with depression and healthy controls were evaluated. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is widely used and has good psychometric properties, but there is no consensus about its factor structure. Thus, a psychometrically reliable and valid measure is necessary for understanding depression. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a cost-effective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide.ĭysfunctional attitudes are considered to be important risk factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. RESULTS: The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. METHODS: Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. OBJECTIVE: To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. Taken as a whole our findings revealed that BDI II has sound psychometric properties and comparable cut-off scores for the Turkish population. Furthermore, the cut-off scores to classify minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression were quite akin to the cut-off points previously suggested for the American population. Findings confirmed the present model for the clinical group and equally confirmed both models for the nonclinical group. Convergent and discriminant validity results were satisfactory. 89, respectively test–retest stability was also high (r =. The internal consistency for the nonclinical and clinical groups were. A receiver operating characteristics curve was utilized to determine the cut-off scores for the Turkish population revealing 0–12 for minimal, 13–18 for mild, 19–28 for moderate and 29–63 for severe depression. Two confirmatory factor analyses, one derived from the present exploratory factor analyses and the other proposed in the original study were conducted for both groups. Analyses for internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities and for convergent and discriminant validities were computed. Data from nonclinical (n = 362) and clinical psychiatric outpatients diagnosed as depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria (n = 176) were gathered. ![]() Thus, in addition to evaluating its psychometric properties, we also determined the cut-off scores of the BDI II for the Turkish population. However, none of these studies has examined whether the original cut-off scores were applicable to other cultures. Numerous studies have been previously conducted to assess the Beck Depression Inventory-II's psychometric properties.
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